Manual disk partitioning guide for Kubuntu 11.04

http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/05/12/manual-disk-partitioning-guide-for-kubuntu-11-04/

Depending on the contents of the hard disk in the computer, that step will look similar to the one in this image. To create partitions manually, the option to choose is, well, “Manual.”

The objective here is to create the following partitions:

/boot, the boot partition. This is where programs critical for booting the system will reside.
/, the root directory. The bulk of the programs used for running the system will be installed here.
Swap, unformatted disk space for use as virtual memory.
/home, the partition where your home directory will be located. In the course of using the system, files and folders you create will reside in various folders here.

To start creating partitions, just click on the free space. The “Create Partition” window will open.

The first partition to create will be mounted at /boot. When setting up an LVM-based system using an Alternate Installer ISO image, the default disk space allocated to /boot is 258 MB. However, only about 22 MB of that is used, so anything thing between that size range will do. For this tutorial, the default will be used. The mount point will, of course, be /boot. The default file system is ext2. OK.

With the first partition out of the way, click on the free space again.

This time we want to create the partition for Swap space. The suggested size is 2000 MB, which is just about the default if the installation disk is about 100 GB. Select “swap area” from the “Use as” dropdown menu. OK.

The third partition will be mounted at /, the root directory. The default journaling file system on Kubuntu 11.04 is ext4. You may stick with it or choose another journaling file system available. A new installation of Kubuntu 11.04 takes up about 3 GB of disk space, so anything above that will do. OK.

This is the last partition to be configured and it will be mounted at /home. You may assign all available disk space to it. OK.

With all the partitions configured. You may continue with the rest of the installation. Keep in mind that GRUB 2, the boot loader, will be installed in the Master Boot Record (MBR) of the disk. The next article on Kubuntu 11.04 will show how to dual-boot with Windows 7.

Google maps - get coordinates

Right-click the map, choose "what's here". Coordinates appear in the main adress box

Matrices and other arrays in LaTeX

\[ \left( \begin{array}{ccc} a & b & c \\ d & e & f \\ g & h & i \end{array} \right)\]

Full article: http://www.maths.tcd.ie/~dwilkins/LaTeXPrimer/Matrices.html

Processor word bits count

$ uname -a

x86_64 GNU/Linux indicates that you've a 64bit Linux kernel running. If you use see i386/i486/i586/i686 it is a 32 bit kernel.

Source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/linux-how-to-find-if-processor-is-64-bit-or-not/


i686 architecture

i386 was the first x86 32 bit processor. What this means is that it'll run on practically any x86 CPU made within the last 22 years, but seeing that the architecture was designed so long ago, it's reasonable to expect that any operating system compiled for it isn't going to be running at optimal speed on today's latest and greatest processors.

i686 on the other hand is a much more modern architecture. It includes practically every processor that's Pentium II or better. x86_64 is a 64 bit extension to the x86 architecture. x86_64 processors can still run 32 bit operating systems (e.g. i386) if you so choose, but they're also capable of running 64 bit operating systems.

PowerPC (PPC) is the processor type that Macs used to use, but within the last few years Macs have also transitioned over to x86. Nowadays, PowerPC's main use is seen in modern game consoles.

So, to answer your question... if you have a 64 bit processor, you should get either an x86_64 or i686 optimized distro. If not, you should just get i686 (assuming of course that your computer isn't older than 10 years)

Source: http://www.daniweb.com/forums/thread139589.html

linux extract tar bz2

$ tar -jxvf my_archive.tar.bz2

Source: http://www.linuxforums.org/forum/newbie/20336-extract-tar-bz2-command.html

Vertical text in the table in Latex

\usepackage{multirow} \usepackage{rotating}
...
\multirow{4}{15mm}{\begin{sideways}\parbox{15mm}{text}\end{sideways}}

OR

\multirow{14}{*}{\rotatebox{90}{\mbox{text}}}
...

source: http://tadek.pietraszek.org/blog/2004/12/01/vertical-text-in-the-table-in-latex/