.profile vs. .bashrc

From "man bash"

Quote:

When bash is invoked as an interactive login shell, or as a non-interactive shell with the --login option, it first reads and executes commands from the file /etc/profile, if that file exists. After reading that file, it looks for ~/.bash_profile, ~/.bash_login, and ~/.profile, in that order, and reads and executes commands from the first one that exists and is readable.

Quote:

When an interactive shell that is not a login shell is started, bash reads and executes commands from ~/.bashrc, if that file exists.

In other words, /etc/profile is run when a user logs in. ~/.bashrc is run for other shells (Ie opening an xterm)

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/etc-profile-v-s-etc-bashrc-273992/

SVN Branching and Merging

A basic well-written tutorial: 

http://nedbatchelder.com/text/quicksvnbranch.html

 More advanced stuff:

1. You branch.
2. Someone else changed T0 on trunk. Sequence in trunk: T0
3. You make the change T1 on your first branch. Sequence in Branch: T1
4. You create a new branch from trunk at T2; it contains change T0. Then you merge your changes from your prior branch (the yellow arc — a Bunny Hop) into your new branch. This brings change T1 into your second branch after change T0. Sequence in your branch: T0, T1
5. You make change T3 in your branch. Sequence in your second branch: T0, T1, T3
6. Someone else makes change T4 in trunk. They committed to trunk first; they win. Sequence in trunk T0, T4
7. You make your third branch, at time T5. It includes changes T0, T4 in that order. You merge all your changes from the previous branch — this means you have to do the merging necessary to make changes T1 and T3 blend in correctly after T0, T4. But you get to do this in a workspace, off of a branch, nicely isolated from trunk. It is usually pretty easy. Sequence in the branch is now T0, T4, T1, T3
8. With no other overlapping changes between when you cut this branch and now (between T5 and T6), you merge your branch into trunk. Because all of the changes in this branch take place after the already committed changes in trunk, the merge goes smoothly.

http://designbygravity.wordpress.com/2009/10/19/what-mother-never-told-you-about-svn-branching-and-merging/
 

Remove word "chapter" in a latex report

Remove word "chapter" in a latex report

\documentclass{report}
\usepackage{titlesec}
\titleformat{\chapter}
  {\normalfont\LARGE\bfseries}{\thechapter}{1em}{}
\titlespacing*{\chapter}{0pt}{3.5ex plus 1ex minus .2ex}{2.3ex plus .2ex}
\begin{document}
\chapter{Introduction}
\section{Section}
\end{document}

http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/10326/how-to-set-the-chapter-style-in-report-class

Linux Lost Internet Connection

Linux renew ip command

The -r flag explicitly releases the current lease, and once the lease has been released, the client exits. For example, open terminal and type the command:
$ sudo dhclient -r
Now obtain fresh IP:
$ sudo dhclient
There is no need to restart network service. Above command should work with any Linux distro such as RHEL, Fedora, CentOS, Ubuntu and others.

On a related note you can also try out the following commands:
# ifdown eth0
# ifup eth0
# /etc/init.d/network restart
OR
# /etc/init.d/networking restart 

Source: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-linux-renew-dhcp-client-ip-address/

OR

 $ sudo dhclient eth0

Source: http://askubuntu.com/questions/2901/unmanaged-network-icon-network-manangement-disabled

 

Employ drop caps

http://inpics.net/tutorials/writer2/spec7.html

PDF editing soft: Xournal

http://www.webupd8.org/2011/02/highlight-text-or-annotate-pdf-files-in.html

Foxit

---

Warning: this program is not known to work on some versions (works fine for me on 32- and 64-bit 10.04

How to Install Foxit

Paste these commands into the terminal:

Download Foxit

Find the latest at http://www.foxitsoftware.com/pdf/desklinux/download.html

wget -c http://mirrors.foxitsoftware.com/pub/foxit/reader/desktop/linux/1.x/1.1/enu/FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

Install the .deb

sudo dpkg -i FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

(or whatever version you've just downloaded)

If you've got a 64-bit machine, you'll need to:

sudo dpkg -i --force-architecture FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

n.b. -- this works fine for me, though I have installed a few 32 bit libraries.

Remove the original archive

After you test out that Foxit is working properly, you can remove the original .deb file you downloaded with the first command

rm FoxitReader_1.1.0_i386.deb

It should perhaps be noted that the 1.1 version of FoxitReader, which is the one for which 32-bit binaries are available (June 2011), does not have the annotation features of the current Windows version which is version 5.0. You are limited to viewing the pdf, copying text and making an image of the pdf which you can do with other native Linux pdf readers.

https://help.ubuntu.com/community/Foxit

Sync under linux

Getting to know rsync

The basic syntax for rsync is simple enough -- just run rsync [options] source destination to copy the file or files provided as the source argument to the destination.
So, for example, if you want to copy some files under your home directory to a USB storage device, you might use rsync -a /home/user/dir/ /media/disk/dir/. By the way, "/home/user/dir/" and "/home/usr/dir" are not the same thing to rsync. Without the final slash, rsync will copy the directory in its entirety. With the trailing slash, it will copy the contents of the directory but won't recreate the directory. If you're trying to replicate a directory structure with rsync, you should omit the trailing slash -- for instance, if you're mirroring /var/www on another machine or something like that.
In this example, I included the archive option (-a), which actually combines several rsync options. It combines the recursive and copy symlinks options, preserves group and owner, and generally makes rsync suitable for making archive copies. Note that it doesn't preserve hardlinks; if you want to preserve them, you will need to add the hardlinks option (-H).
Another option you'll probably want to use most of the time is verbose (-v), which tells rsync to report lots of information about what it's doing. You can double and triple up on this option -- so using -v will give you some information, using -vv will give more, and using -vvv will tell you everything that rsync is doing.
rsync will move hidden files (files whose names begin with a .) without any special options. If you want to exclude hidden files, you can use the option --exclude=".*/". You can also use the --exclude option to prevent copying things like Vim's swap files (.swp) and automatic backups (.bak) created by some programs. 

This and More  at https://www.linux.com/news/enterprise/storage/8200-back-up-like-an-expert-with-rsync

launch application and close console

Way 1:

$ nohup MyCommand

Way 2:

$ MyCommand &
$ exit

http://www.linuxquestions.org/questions/linux-general-1/how-to-launch-an-app-in-terminal-and-keep-it-running-after-i-close-terminal-368739/

Re: Remove startup applications

Re: Remove startup applications

---

Maybe it comes a little bit too late, but I'll still give it a try...
Try to type :

Code:

locate kmix

You should find an autostart file :
/usr/share/autostart/kmix_autostart.desktop
which you can modify (or delete, maybe saving it first) in order for Kmix not to be launched with KDE.

Nvidia drivers for Ubuntu 11.10 Oneiric

You can update your drivers with x-swat ppa and to install Nvidia card latest drivers use this ppa.

To install/Update Nvidia card drivers open Terminal (Press Alt+F2 and type: gnome-terminal) and copy the following commands in the terminal:

sudo apt-add-repository ppa:ubuntu-x-swat/x-updates
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install nvidia-current

When installation complete restart your PC. Now to check the installation is successful Press Window/Super key and type: nvidia x server settings and open it.

That's it Enjoy.

http://www.noobslab.com/2011/09/nvidia-drivers-for-ubuntu-1110-oneiric.html

No hyphenation patterns were loaded for the language

http://tex.stackexchange.com/questions/1972/no-hyphenation-patterns-were-loaded-for-the-language

You may have to install spanish language support for TeX on your operating system. For instance, on Debian or Ubuntu it means to install texlive-lang-spanish I guess.

Afterwards it may be necessary to rebuilt the format files, for instance by

fmtutil --all

at the command prompt or the package manager of your TeX distribution.

I suggest you add some information to your question regarding operating system and TeX distribution.

However, this topic in the UK TeX FAQ may help you: Using a new language with Babel. It deals with this warning message and shows ways how to fix that.

Online Citation Conversion

http://www.kromosoft.com/resources/citationconversion.php

Transfer Mozilla FireFox settings from old to new computer

It is possible to transfer all your Mozilla FireFox settings, bookmarks, passwords etc. from your old computer to your new computer.

To move your settings, you will need to locate your Mozilla FireFox profile folder on both the old and new computer. You can then copy them from the old computer to your new computer.

Locate profile folder

The profile folder is stored in Firefox\Profiles\xxxxxxxx.default, where xxxxxxxx is a random string of 8 characters.

OS	Usual profile path
Windows XP/2000	C:\Documents and Settings\[User Name]\Application Data\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\xxxxxxxx.default
Windows Vista	C:\users\[User Name]\AppData\Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\xxxxxxxx.default
Windows 95/98/Me	C:\WINDOWS\Application Data\Mozilla\Firefox\Profiles\xxxxxxxx.default
Linux	~/.mozilla/firefox/xxxxxxxx.default/
Mac OS X	~/Library/Application Support/Firefox/Profiles/xxxxxxxx.default/

Copy files

You can copy the files from one profile folder to another even between computers. You can also use this to make a backup of your Mozilla FireFox settings.

Manual disk partitioning guide for Kubuntu 11.04

http://www.linuxbsdos.com/2011/05/12/manual-disk-partitioning-guide-for-kubuntu-11-04/

Depending on the contents of the hard disk in the computer, that step will look similar to the one in this image. To create partitions manually, the option to choose is, well, “Manual.”

The objective here is to create the following partitions:

/boot, the boot partition. This is where programs critical for booting the system will reside.
/, the root directory. The bulk of the programs used for running the system will be installed here.
Swap, unformatted disk space for use as virtual memory.
/home, the partition where your home directory will be located. In the course of using the system, files and folders you create will reside in various folders here.

To start creating partitions, just click on the free space. The “Create Partition” window will open.

The first partition to create will be mounted at /boot. When setting up an LVM-based system using an Alternate Installer ISO image, the default disk space allocated to /boot is 258 MB. However, only about 22 MB of that is used, so anything thing between that size range will do. For this tutorial, the default will be used. The mount point will, of course, be /boot. The default file system is ext2. OK.

With the first partition out of the way, click on the free space again.

This time we want to create the partition for Swap space. The suggested size is 2000 MB, which is just about the default if the installation disk is about 100 GB. Select “swap area” from the “Use as” dropdown menu. OK.

The third partition will be mounted at /, the root directory. The default journaling file system on Kubuntu 11.04 is ext4. You may stick with it or choose another journaling file system available. A new installation of Kubuntu 11.04 takes up about 3 GB of disk space, so anything above that will do. OK.

This is the last partition to be configured and it will be mounted at /home. You may assign all available disk space to it. OK.

With all the partitions configured. You may continue with the rest of the installation. Keep in mind that GRUB 2, the boot loader, will be installed in the Master Boot Record (MBR) of the disk. The next article on Kubuntu 11.04 will show how to dual-boot with Windows 7.